Wednesday, February 6, 2019

Windows


Windows is an operating system designed by Microsoft. The operating system  allows you to use a computer. Windows comes preloaded on most new personal computers (PCs), which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world.
Windows makes it possible to complete all types of everyday tasks on your computer.
Windows comes with many productivity tools such as calendars, word processors, and Paint. 




 File Explorer / Windows Explorer
The appearance of window screen depends on how the computer is being set-up. A window screen always contains various items or ICON depending on the window version. Hence, a reliable window screen consists of the following: major icons and other additional icons.
(i) My computer Icon: This is a container for disk drives. My computer icon displays window with Icons representing object in the computer system. Such as folder, files, disk-drive.
(ii) Internet Explorer: This is a shortcut for launching the internet explorer program, which is web browser. A web browser is a software program for navigating, WWW (World Wide Web).
(iii) Network Neighbourhood: Network neighbourhood icon serves as container for network resources of other, computer it might include items such as; disk drive, printer and CD-ROMS.
(iv) Network: A network is a collection of several computer connected together with the aim of sharing the same resources and component e.g. printer.
(v) Recycle Bin: This is a computer object for files that are no longer needed the computer or, this is a temporary storage location where all files are kept. One can retrieve such file if deleted by error.
Window Screens (Desktop)
The windows’ screen consists of several icons arranged according’ to the computer set up the user.
Icons: An icon is an image or picture representing a particular function on the window’s screen.
It is like a command or instruction to perform a particular task. Some of the icons noticed on the window screen a computer, network neighborhoods, Recycle Bin, Internet Explorer, Start and Tune button.
To access an icon, double click on such, and window responds by displaying the operation under the icon.
Accessing Windows
When a computer system is switch on, the memory tent is performed until the window screen appears automatically.
Window screen is divided into two parts; the upper layer which contains several icons and the lower layer called the status /bar which contain the: start button, task bar and time.
Status Bar: This is the lower part of the windows. It consists’ of the start button, task bar and time. Start Button: it contain everything needed to work with windows, start icon of the windows
consists of several options in form of sub-menu. Hence, when you click on start button, a sup-menu appears as follows:
(i) Program: it displays the list of software available in the windows environment for the user to utilize.
(ii) Document: it displays the list of documents that have been opened previously.
(iii) Setting: it list out all the computer components which their setting can be changed e.g. setting date and time, changing window screen etc.
(iv) Find: it is used to find and locate a particular file, folder and e-mail messages.
(v) Help: it shows the steps involve in performing a particular task. It equally serves as a tutor.
(vi) Run: it is mainly used to run or execute Ms-command and other application packages.
(vii) Shut Down: it is used to shut down or re-start the computer. It should be noted that the system must be properly shut down before switching off the system.
Task Bar
Each time an operation is performed, a button representing that window appears on the task bar. To switch from the window to another click on the button for the window you want in the task bar.
Notification Area
It shows at the extreme end of the status bar. It displays the current time.
Folder
A folder is a directory, which stores files and other folders. Or a folder is a directory through which users can access files and other folders. Windows Operating Devices These are electronic devices used in manipulating windows. It could be input device or output device.
At some point, you may want to adjust your computer's settings. For example, you might want to change your desktop background or modify your Internet settings.
Control panel is the place from where we can change settings and more of our computer.
However, in Windows 10, the Control Panel has mostly been replaced by the Settings app. The Control Panel is still available, but most of the tasks and settings are now also located in the Settings app.

Click the Start button, then select the gear icon.
Right-click the Start button, then select Control Panel.
In Windows 8, you can open the Control Panel directly from the Start screen. Using your keyboard, type Control Panel and press the Enter key.
Click Start Button à Type Control panel in search boxà Press Enter
Press Window logo button + C fro Keyboardà type control panel in search box à press enter
Right Click on start buttonà control panel option
Click the Start button, then select Control Panel.

Control Panel can be viewed in 3 views:
i.      By Category view
ii.    Small Icon view
iii.  Large  icon view

The Control Panel will appear. Simply click a setting to adjust it. In this example, we'll click Change desktop background to choose a new wallpaper for our desktop.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/uxguide/winenv-ctrl-panels

We can also be able to change the settings for different applications on your computer. You will usually find application settings under File > Options, Tools > Options, or within a separate Settings menu. Keep in mind that the location will vary, and some applications may not have any settings you can change.
Select application shortcut Icon
Right on the icon
Select option “Pin the Taskbar”.
OR
Select the icon and drag it to the task bar.


User Account
Is used to control user account’s permissions
For this first create a new user
o   To create a new user: open control panel
o   Select user account option
o   Manage another account
o   Click Add a new user option
o   Click Add an account option in PC Settings
o   Type Email address
o   Click Finish
o   For Child account :-
§  Click on “ Add a child’s account option
§  Click “ Add a child account without email” option
§  Type User name
§  Type password if you want
§  Click finish
Open family safety option in control panel
Select user
Set family safety option
Allow features for using computer for new user.
Language
è Open control panel
è Select language option
è Click Add language button
è Select language
è Click Add
Windows 7
Open control panel à region and language optionà keyboard input à Addà select language

·       Open control panel 
·       Select devices and printer option. Devices and printer 
·       Click Add new device button. 
·       Connect new device with the system. 
·       System will search automatically the new device and install it.



Programs and feature
Open control panel
Select Programs and Features option
Select the program you want to uninstall
Click on uninstall button.

Windows Defender 
Help to protect computer from Malware and potentially harmful software.

Windows Firewall
Help protect computer from malicious sites and hackers.

Open Control panel 
Select Windows Firewall 
“Turn window firewall On or Off” Option 
Task Bar Properties
Using Task bar properties we can customize task bar settings. हम टास्क बार की सेटिंग्स को बदल सकते हैं | 



Language
            Language setting is used to customize language preferences in your computer.
Open Controlà select Language option à Click “ Add a language”  option -> Select language à Click “ADD” Button.

Mouse
            Customize your mouse setting like button control, speed, pointer etc,

Ease of Access Center
Ease of access center provides the options used to configure the system according to user need.
os vkWI’ku miyC/k gksrs gSa tks fdlh fodykax ds fy, dEI;wVj pykus esa lgk;d gksrs gSaA
tSls%& Magnifier, Narrator, On screen keyboard, Make keyboard easy to use, make mouse easy to use
Magnifier: Enlarge the screen
Narrator: Speak aloud text
On Screen keyboard: Makes possible to type with mouse.
 fMLIys lsfVax cny ldrsa gSaA


All necessary applications and tool used to perform some important task are available in Accessories.
Start à All Programs à Accessories

Calculator
You can use the Calculator in the desktop for a variety of tasks, from simple math to advanced statistics.

You can use the Calculator in the desktop for a variety of tasks, from simple math to advanced statistics.
Calculator window

What are the different modes in Calculator?

Calculator includes four modes—Standard, Scientific, Programmer, and Statistics.
1.      Tap or click to open Calculator.
2.      Tap or click View, and then choose the mode you want.

Note

When you switch modes, your current calculation is deleted. Calculation history and numbers stored in memory are saved.

Scientific mode

In this mode, you can perform calculations that are slightly more complex than in Standard mode.
·        To use inverse functions, tap or click the Inv button.
·        In Scientific mode, Calculator is precise to 32 significant digits.

Note

If you combine several operators (+,-,*,/), Calculator uses standard operator precedence—that is, it performs calculations in the following order:
1.      Brackets (or parentheses)
2.      Exponents and roots
3.      Multiplication and division
4.      Addition and subtraction

Programmer mode

In this mode, Calculator is precise up to 64 bits, depending on the word size that you've selected.
·        Calculator honors operator precedence.
·        Programmer mode is an integer only mode—the decimal portions of numbers aren't used.

Statistics mode

In this mode, enter the data that you want to calculate statistics for, and then perform the calculations.
1.      Enter your first piece of data, and then tap or click Add to add the data to the data set.
2.      Tap or click the button for the statistical calculation you want to perform.

Character Map:

Character Map is a utility included with Microsoft Windows operating systems and is used to view the characters in any installed font, to check what keyboard input is used to enter those characters, and to copy characters to the clipboard in lieu of typing them. एक प्रकार की युटिलिटी होती है जिसका  प्रयोग कुछ characters का keyboard से input लेने के लिये किया जता है

Math Input Panel 

Math Input Panel is a great little application from Windows which lets you use input devices such as touchscreens, external digitizers or even a mouse, to write mathematical formulas that are automatically recognized and can be inserted into different types of documents.
Document मे गणितीय Formula को इनपुट करने के लिये किया जाता है


MS PAINT
Open Paint:
 Window btn+R à In RUN window type mspaintà click OK
MS Paint is an image editor. Used to create and edit images using tools.
Default extension or type of a paint image is .PNG but we can save an image in another image format using ms paint. They are:

Monochrome (.bmp)
16 color bitmap (.bmp)
256 color bitmap (.bmp)
24 bit bitmap (.bmp)
Jpeg
Giff
Tiff
PNG




Notepad

Notepad is a text editor.  It is use to create text documents. The extension of a notepad file is “.txt”.
1.     Startàall programsà accessoriesà notepad
2.     Startà Type notepad in searchà Press Enter
3.     Window button + R à Type notepadà Press OK

Title bar

Menu bar

Minimize

Maximize

Close

Scrollbar
Word Wrap: Text automatically shift to the next line
è Click the Format menu, and then tap or click Word Wrap.

Text Formatting: Appearance of the text in the document.
To change text formatting:
1.     Click the Format menu, and then click Font.
2.     Pick a font, font style, and size, and then click OK.

Cut, copy, paste, or delete text?
1. Open Notepad.
2. Do one of the following:
•To move text from one place to another, select the text, tap or click the Edit menu, and then tap or click Cut.
Text को एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर ले जाने के लिए, text का चयन करें, Edit मेनू पर क्लिक करें और फिर Cut पर क्लिक करें।

•To have the same text in two places, select the text, tap or click the Edit menu, and then tap or click Copy.
एक ही Text को दो स्थानों पर रखने के लिए, Text का चयन करें, Edit मेनू पर क्लिक करें, और फिर कॉपी पर क्लिक करें।

•To paste text you have cut or copied, tap or click the place in the file where you want to paste the text, tap or click the Edit menu, and then tap or click Paste.
आपके द्वारा Cut या कॉपी किए गए Text को पेस्ट करने के लिए, फ़ाइल में उस स्थान पर क्लिक करें जहाँ Text को पेस्ट करना है, Edit मेनू पर क्लिक करें और फिर Paste  option पर क्लिक करें।

•To delete text, select it, tap or click the Edit menu, and then tap or click Delete.
Text को हटाने के लिए, इसका selection करें, Edit मेनू पर क्लिक करें और फिर Delete क्लिक करें।



•To undo your last action, click the Edit menu, and then click Undo.



How to save a Notepad file in a different format (for example, a Microsoft Word document). नोट्पड की फाइल को अलग  अलग फ़ोर्मट मे सेव करना

1. Tap or click to open Notepad.
uksVisM MkWD;wesaV dks vksiu djsaxs

2.Tap or click the File menu, and then tap or click Save As.
Qkby esuw à lso ,t

3.In the Save As dialog box, in the Save as type list, tap or click All Files (*.*).

4.Enter a file name with the extension you want, and then tap or click Save. Qkby dk uke fy[kdj MkWV ds lkFk ,DlVsU’ku Vkbi djsaxs rFkk lso cVu ij fDyd djsaxsA

Abc.txt           notepad file
Abc.doc         word 97 - 2003
Abc.docx       word 2007 and above
Abc.bmp       Paint
Abc.rtf           WordPad
Abc.htm        webpage

How to print a Notepad document?

Print notepad file

1. Click to open Notepad.
2. click the File menu, and then tap or click Print.
3.Choose the printer and options you want, and then click Print.

Insert the time and date in a file?
1. Click to open Notepad.
2. Click the place in the file where you want to add the time and date.
3. Click the Edit menu, and then tap or click Time/Date.

Find and replace specific characters or words?

1. नोटपैड खोलने के लिए क्लिक करें।
2. Edit मेनू पर क्लिक करें, और फिर Find पर क्लिक करें।
3. Find बॉक्स में, उन अक्षर या शब्दों को दर्ज करें जिन्हें आप ढूंढना चाहते हैं।
4. दिशा निर्देश के तहत, वर्तमान कर्सर स्थिति से फ़ाइल की शुरुआत या अंत में खोजने के लिए ऊपर या नीचे क्लिक करें करें।
5. टैप करें या अगला खोजें पर क्लिक करें।
To find specific characters or words

1. Click to open Notepad.
2. Click the Edit menu, and then tap or click Find.

1. नोटपैड खोलने के लिए क्लिक करें।
2. Edit मेनू पर क्लिक करें, और उसके बाद Replace क्लिक करें।
3. Find बॉक्स में, उन अक्षर या शब्दों को दर्ज करें जिन्हें आप ढूंढना चाहते हैं।
4. बॉक्स के साथ Replace करें, Replaced text दर्ज करें
वर्तमान कर्सर स्थिति से फ़ाइल की शुरुआत या अंत में खोजने के लिए ऊपर या नीचे क्लिक करें।
5. टैप करें या Find Next पर क्लिक करें।
3. In the Find what box, enter the characters or words you want to find.
4. Under Direction, click Up or Down to search from the current cursor position to the beginning or end of the file.
5.Tap or click Find Next.

To replace specific characters or words

1. Tap or click to open Notepad.
2.Tap or click the Edit menu, and then tap or click Replace.
3.In the Find what box, enter the characters or words you want to find.
4.In the Replace with box, enter the replacement text.
5.Tap or click Find Next, and then tap or click Replace.

To replace all instances of the text, click Replace All.

How to create a header or footer?

Headers and footers contain text that appears at the top and bottom of a file. When a file is printed, the header and footer info will appear on every page.
Header और Footer में og टेक्स्ट होता है जो फ़ाइल के ऊपर और नीचे दिखाई देता है। जब कोई फ़ाइल print होती है, तो प्रत्येक page पर header and Footer dh जानकारी दिखाई देगी।

1. open Notepad.
2.Tap or click the File menu, and then tap or click Page Setup.
3.In the Header or Footer boxes, enter the text you want to use in your header and footer.

fuEu dks gsMj rFkk QqVj esa Mkyus ds fy,%

Insert today's date  &d
Insert the time from your PC's clock  &t
Insert the page number &p
Insert the name of the file— &f
Insert an ampersand (&) &&
Align the header or footer to the left, center, or right &l, &c, or &r


A && B

Go to a specific line in a Notepad file?

You can go to a specific line in a Notepad file even if the file doesn't display line numbers. Lines are counted down the left side beginning at the top of the file.
1.      Tap or click to open Notepad.
2.      Tap or click the Edit menu, and then tap or click Go To.
3.     In the Line number box, enter the line number you want the cursor to jump to, and then tap or click Go To.

File:

New    Create new file                              :                   Ctrl + N

Open  Open Existing File                       :                   Ctrl + O

Save   update file                                       :                   Ctrl + S

Save As        Save file with a                    :                   Alt F A

new name or in a new place/folder-

Page Setup To set page for printing      :                   alt f u 

Print   To Print file                                   :                   ctrl + P

Exit     o close file                                      :                   Alt X or Alt + F4

 

Edit Commands

undo   calcel last action                                                ctrl + Z

Cut     move selected text to the clipboard                  ctrl + X

Copy  Create a a copy of  selected text                        Ctrl + C

Paste  Paste cut or copied text at new place               Ctrl V

Del     Delete selected text                                             Delete button

Find    Find any word or text in the file                        Ctrl + F

Replace        Replace text after finding                        ctrl + H

Goto   goto any page or line no                                       ctrl + G

Insert Date Time                                                             F5

18:13 01-02-2019




 

WordPad

Word Processor: is an application which is used to create various text formats.  In a word processor we can type text and perform editing and formatting.

WordPad is a Basic word processor. Creates .rtf (rich text format) files.
Start àAll Programsè Accessories à WordPad
We can create different formats with various styles of documents.
We can change fonts, font styles, font size, font effects and paragraph alignments.
We can use ruler to set page setting

 

Title Bar

Menu Bar (Tabs)

-->       Home, View


 Home TAb =Insert + Format + Edit
View = Viewing options
Formatting: We can change fonts, font styles, font size, font effects  , Font Color, Highlight and paragraph alignments.

Paragraph Alignment: Left Align, Center Align, Right Align, Justify ,Line and Paragraph Spacing, Bullets and Numbering, Set Indent

Difference between save and save as
è Save command is used to update file.
è Save As command is used to save file with a new name or in a new place.
Paste and paste special
è Paste command is used to insert cut or copied data in a new place with same source formatting. We can change its format as destination settings or we can insert text only without formatting.
è Paste Special command is used to insert text in a different format like image object.
Tab setting
è We can set tab spacing
è  







Indentation
è Indent is the place/position in ruler from where text start inserting in the page. In the ruler we have 3 indents (1) Left Indent (2) Right Indent (3) First line indent
è
è First line indent shows the position of first line of the paragraph.
è




Formatting effects
We can change fonts, font styles, font size, font effects  , Font Color, Highlight and paragraph alignments.
  



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Computer Terms

The termination of the process due to a program or system fault      -      Abend(abnormal ending) To terminate a process before completion....