Thursday, June 26, 2014

Components of Computer System:-


CPU dk iwjk uke Central Processing Unit gSA lhih;w fuEu ;wfuV ls feydj cuk gksrk gSA

ü  CU

ü  ALU

ü  MEMORY

ü  INPUT UNIT

ü  OUTPUT UNIT



1. CU :- bldk iwjk uke Control Unit gSA blds }kjk iwjs dEI;wVj flLVe dks fu;af=r djus dk dk;Z djrh gSA ;g ;wfuV lhih;w dh egRoiw.kZ ;wfuV gksrh gSA
2. ALU :- bldk iwjk uke Airthmetic Logical Unit gSA ;g dEI;wVj dh izeq[k ;qfuV gksrh gSA bld}kjk dEI;wVj esa lHkh xf.krh; ,oa logical dk;Z fd;s tkrs gSA ;g processor ds vUnj gksrh gSA

3. Memory:- Computer esa nks izdkj dh eseksjh gksrh  gSA

A. Primay Memory
B. Secondary Memory


Primary Memory(प्राथमिक  मेमोरी )

RAM
              SRAM
              SDRAM
              DRAM
              NVRAM
ROM
              PROM
              EPROM
              EEPROM

Memory :-  ;g Computer dh LVksjst ;wfuV gSA ;g dEI;wVj dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gksrh gSA blesa ge MkVk ] izksxzke vkfn dks LVksj djds j[k ldrs gSA blesa MkVk dks ckbZujh QkeZV¼0]1½ esa LVksj fd;k tkrk gSA  bldks ukius dh lkbZt ds vk/kkj ij dbZ ;wfuV gSA tSls ckbZV] fdyksckbZV ]esxkckbZV] xhxkckbZV ,oa VsjkckbZV blesa lcls NksVh ;wfuV ckbZV ,oa lcls cMh ;wfuV VsjkckbZV gksrh gSA
;g nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA



1. Primary Memory
2. Secondary Memory

RAM (Randam Access Memory)

bldk iwjk uke Randam Access Memory gSA bldh fuEu foks"krk,W gksrh gSA

v bldks dEI;wVj dh izeq[k eseksjh dgk tkrk gSA

v ;g vLFkkbZ eseksjh gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ blesa LVksj MkVk dEI;wVj can gksus ij fMfyV gks tkrk gSA ftldk iqu% izkIr ugh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
v ;g LkkbZt esa NksVh gksrh gSA tSls 512 MB , 1 GB

v ;g Volatile Memory dgykrh gSA

v blh ls gksdj MkVk Secondary Storage Device or Processor ds ikl tkrk gSA

v ;g ,d Semiconditor or Filp Flop ls feydj cuh memory gksrh gSA

v ;g fuEu izdkj dh gksrh gSA tSls SRAM , DRAM SD RAM etc.

SRAM :- bldk iwjk uke Staic Randam Access Memory gSA ;g Flip Flop ls feydj cuh gksrh gSA
blfy; ;g de Refresh gksrh gSA blesa ge MkVk dks vf/kd le; rd j[k ldrs gSA ;g ,d eagxh eseksjh gksrh gSA bldh data Accessing Speed vU; jse dh vis{kk vf/kd gksrh gSA


DRAM :- bldk iwjk uke Dyanamic Ramdam Access Memory gSA ;g eseksjh tYnh tYnh fjQsk gksrh gSA Refresh dk eryc Electronic Charge or Dischage ls gksrk gSA ;g ,d second esa gtkjksa
ckj Refresh gksrh gSA vr% bldh Speed slow gksrh gSA ;g vU; jse dh vis{kk lLrh gksrh gSA






SD RAM :- bldk iwjk uke Synchronous Dyanamic Randam Access Memory gSA bldh Speed

DRAM dh vis{kk vf/kd gksrh gSA ;g jse lhih;w dh ?kMh ds vuqlkj dk;Z djrh gSA







NV RAM :- bldk iwjk uke Non Volatil Randam Access Memory gSA bl jse dk iz;ksx usVodZ

fMokbl esa gkMZfMLd ds :Ik esa fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ,d eagxh eseksjh gksrh gSA

ROM (Read Only Memory)

ROM dk iwjk uke Read Only Memory gSA ;g dEI;wVj dh Primary Memory gksrh gSA ;g LFkkbZ eseksjh gksrh gSA blesa dEI;wVj dks LVkVZ djus okys izFkkfed izksxzke ,oa Setting  gksrh gSA ;g dEI;wVj ds enjcksMZ ij LFkkbZ :Ik ls yxh jgrh gSA ;g ,d eagxh eseksjh gksrh gSA ;g cktkj esa vyx ls miyC/k ugh gksrh gSA ;g enjcksMZ ds LkkFk vkrh gSA
;g rhu izdkj dh gksrh gSSA

1.  PROM              2. EPROM             3. EEPROMROM (Read Only Memory)

1. PROM: - bldk iwjk uke Programble Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi esa ,d ckj izksxzke LVksj fd;k tk ldrk FkkA ;fn izksxzke esa =qfV (Error) gksus ij mlesa dksbZ lq/kkj ugh fd;k tk ldrk FkkA


2. EPROM:- - bldk iwjk uke Erasable Programmable  Read Only MemorgSA ;g fpi us PROM dh leL;k dks nwj fd;k FkkA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke esa lq/kkj fd;k tk ldrk FkkA fpi esa lq/kkj
djus ds fy;s  fpi dks cksMZ ls fudky dj ijkcSxuh (ultraviolet Ray ) ds lkeus j[kk tkrk FkkA ftlls fpi esa LVksj izksxzke vkSj MkVk dks fMfyV fd;k tkrk FkkA blds ckn iqu% izksxzke dks LVksj fd;k tkrk FkkA tks
,d dfBu ,oa eagxh izfdz;k FkhA



3. EEPROM: - bldk iwjk uke Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi us EPROM dh leL;k dks nwj fd;k gSA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke ,oa MkVk esa lq/kkj djus ds fy;s fo/kqr dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA blds fy;s fpi dks enjcksMZ ls fudkys dh vko’;drk ugh gksrh gSA ;g ,d ljy
,oa lLrh izfdz;k gSA vktdy ds enjcksMZ esa blh jkse dk iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA



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Computer Terms

The termination of the process due to a program or system fault      -      Abend(abnormal ending) To terminate a process before completion....