Components of Computer System:-
Primary Memory(प्राथमिक मेमोरी )
RAM
SRAM
SDRAM
DRAM
NVRAM
ROM
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
1. Primary Memory
2. Secondary Memory
CPU dk iwjk uke Central Processing Unit gSA lhih;w fuEu ;wfuV ls feydj
cuk gksrk gSA
ü CU
ü ALU
ü MEMORY
ü INPUT UNIT
ü OUTPUT UNIT
1. CU :- bldk iwjk uke Control Unit gSA blds }kjk iwjs dEI;wVj flLVe dks fu;af=r djus dk dk;Z djrh
gSA
;g
;wfuV lhih;w dh egRoiw.kZ ;wfuV gksrh gSA
2. ALU :- bldk iwjk uke Airthmetic Logical Unit gSA ;g dEI;wVj dh izeq[k ;qfuV gksrh gSA blds }kjk dEI;wVj
esa lHkh xf.krh; ,oa logical dk;Z fd;s tkrs gSA
;g processor ds vUnj gksrh gSA
3. Memory:- Computer esa nks izdkj dh eseksjh gksrh gSA
A. Primay Memory
B. Secondary Memory
Primary Memory(प्राथमिक मेमोरी )
RAM
SRAM
SDRAM
DRAM
NVRAM
ROM
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
Memory :-
;g Computer dh LVksjst ;wfuV gSA ;g dEI;wVj dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gksrh gSA blesa ge MkVk ] izksxzke vkfn dks
LVksj djds j[k ldrs gSA blesa MkVk dks ckbZujh QkeZV¼0]1½ esa LVksj fd;k tkrk gSA bldks
ukius dh lkbZt ds vk/kkj ij dbZ ;wfuV gSA tSls ckbZV] fdyksckbZV ]esxkckbZV] xhxkckbZV ,oa VsjkckbZV blesa
lcls
NksVh ;wfuV ckbZV ,oa lcls cMh ;wfuV VsjkckbZV gksrh gSA
;g nks izdkj
dh
gksrh gSA1. Primary Memory
2. Secondary Memory
RAM (Randam
Access Memory)
bldk iwjk uke Randam Access Memory gSA bldh fuEu fo’ks"krk,W gksrh gSA
v bldks dEI;wVj dh izeq[k eseksjh dgk tkrk gSA
v ;g vLFkkbZ eseksjh gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ blesa LVksj MkVk dEI;wVj can gksus ij fMfyV gks tkrk gSA ftldk iqu% izkIr ugh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
v ;g LkkbZt esa NksVh gksrh gSA tSls 512 MB , 1 GB
v ;g Volatile Memory dgykrh gSA
v blh ls gksdj MkVk Secondary Storage Device or Processor ds ikl tkrk gSA
v ;g ,d Semiconditor or Filp Flop ls feydj cuh memory gksrh gSA
v ;g fuEu izdkj dh gksrh gSA tSls SRAM , DRAM SD RAM etc.
SRAM :- bldk iwjk uke Staic
Randam Access Memory gSA ;g Flip Flop ls feydj cuh gksrh gSA
blfy; ;g de Refresh gksrh gSA blesa ge MkVk dks vf/kd le; rd j[k ldrs gSA ;g ,d eagxh eseksjh
gksrh gSA bldh data Accessing Speed vU; jse dh vis{kk vf/kd
gksrh gSA
DRAM :- bldk iwjk uke Dyanamic Ramdam Access Memory gSA ;g eseksjh tYnh tYnh fjQs’k gksrh gSA Refresh dk eryc Electronic Charge or Dischage ls gksrk gSA ;g ,d second esa gtkjksa
ckj Refresh gksrh gSA vr% bldh Speed slow gksrh gSA
;g
vU; jse dh vis{kk lLrh gksrh gSA
SD RAM :- bldk iwjk uke Synchronous Dyanamic Randam Access Memory gSA bldh Speed
DRAM dh vis{kk vf/kd gksrh gSA ;g jse lhih;w dh ?kMh ds vuqlkj
dk;Z djrh gSA
NV RAM :- bldk iwjk uke Non
Volatil Randam Access Memory gSA bl jse dk iz;ksx usVodZ
fMokbl esa gkMZfMLd ds :Ik esa fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ,d eagxh eseksjh gksrh gSA
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM
dk iwjk uke Read Only Memory gSA ;g dEI;wVj dh Primary Memory gksrh gSA ;g LFkkbZ
eseksjh gksrh gSA blesa dEI;wVj dks LVkVZ djus okys izFkkfed izksxzke ,oa Setting gksrh gSA ;g dEI;wVj ds enjcksMZ ij LFkkbZ :Ik ls yxh jgrh gSA ;g ,d eagxh eseksjh gksrh gSA ;g cktkj esa vyx ls miyC/k ugh
gksrh gSA ;g enjcksMZ ds LkkFk vkrh gSA
;g rhu izdkj dh gksrh gSSA
1. PROM 2. EPROM 3. EEPROM ROM (Read Only Memory)
1.
PROM: - bldk iwjk uke Programble
Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi esa ,d ckj izksxzke LVksj fd;k tk ldrk FkkA ;fn izksxzke
esa =qfV (Error) gksus ij mlesa dksbZ lq/kkj ugh fd;k tk ldrk FkkA
2.
EPROM:- - bldk iwjk uke Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory gSA ;g fpi us
PROM dh leL;k dks nwj fd;k FkkA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke esa lq/kkj fd;k tk ldrk FkkA fpi esa lq/kkj
djus ds fy;s fpi dks cksMZ ls fudky dj ijkcSxuh (ultraviolet Ray ) ds lkeus j[kk tkrk FkkA ftlls fpi esa LVksj izksxzke vkSj MkVk dks fMfyV fd;k tkrk FkkA blds ckn iqu% izksxzke dks LVksj fd;k tkrk FkkA tks
,d dfBu ,oa eagxh izfdz;k FkhA
3. EEPROM: - bldk iwjk uke Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi us EPROM
dh leL;k dks nwj fd;k gSA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke ,oa MkVk esa lq/kkj
djus ds fy;s fo/kqr dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA blds fy;s fpi dks enjcksMZ ls fudkys dh vko’;drk ugh gksrh gSA ;g ,d ljy
,oa lLrh izfdz;k gSA
vktdy ds enjcksMZ esa blh jkse dk iz;ksx
fd;k tk jgk gSA
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