Classification of Computer
| To change the way All Programs opens from the Start menu |
- Right-click
the Start button, and then click Properties.
- On the Start
Menu tab, click Start menu, and then click Customize.
- On the Advanced
tab, select the Open submenus when I pause on them with my mouse
check box.
The next time you click Start, and point to All
Programs, you see a list of available programs.
To
add selected items to the Start menu
- Right-click
the Start button, and then click Properties.
- On the Start
Menu tab, under Start menu, click Customize.
- On the Advanced
tab, under Start menu items, select the items you want to appear on
the Start menu.
The next time you click Start, the items you
selected are on the Start menu.
To change the Start menu style
- Right-click
the Start button, and then click Properties.
- On the Start
Menu tab, click one of the following options:
- To select
the default Start menu, click Start menu.
- To select
the style from an earlier version of Windows, click Classic Start menu.
The next time you click Start, the Start
menu displays the new style.
Files and folders
Most
Viewing files and folders
Show in Groups
Show in Groups is available in the Thumbnails, Tiles, Icons, and Details
views. To show your files in groups, on the View menu, point to Arrange
Icons by, and then click Show in Groups. Thumbnails
Thumbnails view displays the images a folder contains on a
folder icon so you can quickly identify the contents of the folder.
TilesTiles view displays your files and folders as icons.
Filmstrip
Filmstrip view is available in picture folders. Your pictures appear in a single row of thumbnail images. You can scroll through your pictures using the left and right arrow buttons.
Icons
Icons view displays your files and folders as icons
List
List view displays the contents of a folder as a list of file or folder names preceded by small icons.
Details
In Details view,
To
change the name of a file or folder
1.
Open
My Documents.
If
the file or folder you want to rename is not located in My Documents or its
subfolders, use Search to find it. To open Search, click Start, and then
click Search.
2.
Click
the file or folder you want to rename.
3.
Under
File and Folder Tasks, click Rename this file or Rename this
folder.
4.
Type
the new name, and then press ENTER.
To
save a file with a different name or format
1.
On
the File menu of the program you are working in, click Save As.
2.
Specify
a new name or a different format for the file you are saving.
Locate lost files
·
Click
Start, click Search, and then do one of the following:
o
To
search for a document, click Documents (Word, Excel, etc.).
o
To
search for another file type, click Other files or folders.
To
move a file or folder
1.
Open
My Documents.
If
the file or folder you want to move is not located in My Documents or its
subfolders, use Search to find it. To open Search, click Start, and then
click Search.
2.
Click
the file or folder you want to move.
3.
Under
File and Folder Tasks, click Move this file or Move this
folder.
4.
In
Move Items, click the new location for the file or folder, and then
click Move.
To
create a new folder
1.
Open
My Documents.
2.
Under
File and Folder Tasks, click Make a new folder.
A
new folder is displayed with the default name, New Folder, selected.
3.
Type
a name for the new folder, and then press ENTER.
To
copy a file or folder
1.
Open
My Documents.
If
the file or folder you want to copy is not located in My Documents or its
subfolders, use Search to find it. To open Search, click Start, and then
click Search.
2.
Click
the file or folder you want to copy.
3.
Under
File and Folder Tasks, click Copy this file or Copy this
folder.
4.
In
Copy Items, select the drive or folder you want to copy to, and then
click Copy.
5.
To
delete a file or folder
1.
Click
the file or folder you want to delete.
2.
Under
File and Folder Tasks, click Delete this file or Delete this
folder. OR press delete key from keyboard.
To
log off from the computer
·
Click
Start, click Log off, and then click Log off.
When
you log off from the computer, you close your user account but the computer
remains on for easy access the next time you log on.
To
log on, click your user account icon on the Welcome screen. Or, on a domain,
press CTRL+ALT+DEL
To
hide a file or folder
1.
Right-click
the file or folder, and then click Properties.
2.
On
the General tab, select the Hidden check box.
windows accessories
Important
ShortCuts
Create new
File File Menuà New Ctrl + N
Open Existing File File
Menuà Open ctrl
+ O
Save file File
Menuà Save Ctrl
+ S
Save As File
MenuàSave As alt+f+a
Print File
MenuàPrint Ctrl
+ P
Exit File
menuà Exit Alt
+ F4
Undo Edit
MenuàUndo Ctrl
+ Z
Redo(Repeat) Edit
Menuà Repeat Ctrl
+ Y
Cut Edit
Menuà Cut Ctrl
+ X
Copy Edit
Menuà Copy Ctrl
+ C
Paste Edit
Menuà Paset Ctrl
+ V
Select All Edit
Menuà Select All Ctrl
+ A
Delete Edit
Menuà Clear Delete
Find Edit
MenuàFind Ctrl
+ F
Replace Edit
Menuà Replace Ctrl
+ H
Go TO Edit
MenuàGoto Ctrl
+ G
Help Help
menu Ctrl
+ F1
Windows Movie Maker:
You can use Windows Movie Maker to capture
audio and video to your computer from a video camera, Web camera, or other
video source, and then use the captured content in your movies.
Window Media Player:
You
can use Windows Media Player to find and play
digital media files that are on your computer, play CDs and DVDs, and play
digital media streams from the Internet.
Introduction to Internet:
The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that
use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of
private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global
scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies.
Requirment
Phone Connection
Modem
ISP: (BSNL, IDEA, AIRTEL etc.)
Device (Computer, mobile)
Browser (Internet Explorar, Mozilla FireFox, Google Chrome, Opera)
Web Site:
·
Searching Sites(Search Engine) os osc lkbV~l ftudh lgk;rk ls
fdlh Hkh izdkj dh tkudkjh dks <wWa<k tk ldrk gSA ;s mu lkbV~l ds uke nsrh
gSa tgkWa gekjh pkgh xbZ tkudkjh miyC/k gksrh gSA tSls%&
·
Mail Sites:
bZ&esy ,d bysDVªkWfud esy gksrk gS tks bUVjusV dh lgk;rk ls nwljs O;fDr dh bZ&esy esa Hkstk tkrk gSA blds fy, esfyax lkbV ij bZesy vdkmUV cukuk gksrk gS dqN bZesy lkbV~l gSa& www.gmail.com, www.outlook.com
·
Social Networking Sites:- ;s os osc lkbV~l gksrh gSa
ftuds }kjk yksx lkewfgd :i ls ,d nwljs ls laidZ esa jg ldrs gSaA
·
Online Purchasing:- ;s os osc lkbV~l gksrh gSa
ftuds }kjk yksx ?kj ij cSBs-cSBs gh [kjhnnkjh dj ldrs gSaA
·
E-Governance Sites: ;s os osc lkbV~l gksrh gSa ftuds }kjk yksx
'kkldh; foHkkxksa dh tkudkfj;kWa izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
·
Learning Sites: ;s os osc lkbV~l gksrh gSa
ftuds }kjk yksx ?kj cSBs gh cgqr dqN lh[k ldrs gSaA
o
www.tutorialspoint.com,
www.w3schools.com,
www.englishspeak.com/, www.talkenglish.com/,
www.abacusmaster.com/,
http://www.math.com/,
Uploading/Downloading
dEI;wVj ls tkudkfj;ksa dks
bUVjusV ij Mkyuk viyksfMax dgykrk gS rFkk bUVjusV ls tkudkfj;ksa dks vius
dEI;wVj in lso djuk MkmuyksfMax dgykrk gSA
dEI;wVj dk j[k[kko
(Maintaining a Computer)
fofHkUu Hkkxksa dk yEcs le; rd mi;ksfxrk ds
fy, computers
vkSj
mlds vU; Hkkxksa dk lgh lapkyu cgqr gh iz/kku gSA
lqj{kk ds mik; (General Safety
Measures)
ü
dhft, (ü
Do)
1. Computer
dks BaMk] lw[kk vkSj /kwyjfgr
okrkoj.k esa j[ksaA
2.
Main power supply dks
can djus ls igys computer dks shut
down djsa vkSj moniter system
unit vkSj printer dks switch off djsaA
3.
fnu ds dke ds
vURk esa system dks can djsaA
4. nhokj vkSj computer ds chp esa t:jh txg NksfM+;s
rkfd gok dk lapkyu gksA
5.
vxj
miyC/k gks rks vius computer dks
uninterruptible power supply (UPS) ls
yxk,¡A ,d ;w ih ,l (UPS) esa
,d cSVjh (battery) gksrh gS
tks power failure esa fuf’pr
le; ds fy, power supply dks
cuk, j[krh gSA power failure ij
fuf’pr le; ds fy, computer dke
djrk gSA bl le; esa vki vius unsaved data dks
save djds computer dks cUn dj ldrs gSA UPS, ds fcuk power failure gksus ls computer rqjar can gks tkrk gS vkSj vkidk unsaved
data u"V gks tkrk gSA
O
er dhft, (O
Don’t)
1.
Cmputer
ds vkl ikl [kkuk ;k ihuk euk
djsaA keyboard ij is; inkFkksZ dks fxjkuk Ldwyksa esa vke
leL;k gS vkSj mlls keyboard
LFkk;h :i ls [kjkc gks tkrk
gSA
2.
lh/ks /kwi ls computer dk laEidZ
u djk,¡ D;ksafd
T;knk xehZ ls og [kjkc gks ldrk gSA
3.
Computer ds
ikl pqECkd dks er jf[k,A Flopples vkSj
hard drives magnetic storage devices gS
vkSj muesa ls data [kks ldrk
gSA
4.
Monitor ;k system
unit dks [kksyus dh dksf’k’k er
dhft,A vkURkfjd Hkkxksa dks er Nwb,A ;g vkids tku ds fy, [krjukd lkfcr gks ldrk
gSA
flLVe ;wfuV dk j[kj[kko (Maintaining
the System Unit)
System unit dks fu;fer :i ls ns[kHkky djuk vPNh ckr gS
tks computer ds yxkrkj vkSj nks"kjfgr fu"iknu
dks fuf’pr djrk gSA
ü
dhft, (ü
Do)
1. Floppy, CD vkSj DVD
drives dks gYds ls iz;ksx
djsaA
2.
Computer dks switch
off djus
ls igys system
dks
shut
down djsa
vFkkZr Windows
XP esa
Start
click djsa
vkSj fQj shut Down click djsaA
O
er dhfy, (O
Don’t)
1. Operating
system dks shut Down djus ls igys computer dks
switch off er dhft,A
ekWuhVj dk j[kj[kko (Maintaining the Monitor)
ekWuhVj Ldzhu (Monitors screens) eksckby Qksu (mobile phone)
vkSj vkWfM;ksa Lihdj (audio
speakers) tSls vU; devices ls vkus okyh electronic osOt
(waves) ls izHkkfor gksrs gSA bl izdkj ds minzo ls
monitor dks cpkuk pkfg,A
ü
dhft, (ü
Do)
1. tc
mi;ksx esa ugha gS rc monitor
dks off djsa rkfd power
dh cpr gksaA
2. Monitor
ds fu"iknu esa rdyhQ ig¡pkus
okys Electromagnetic nsusokys devices
dks nwj j[ksa
O
er dhft, (O
Don’t)
1. Screen dks gkFk ls ;k rst /kkjokys oLrqvksa ls er
Nqb,A blls Hkn~ns fu’kkfu;k¡ vkSj [kjkch gks ldrs gSA
dhcksMZ
dh j[kj[kko (Maintaining the keyboard)
Keyboard dh dht (keys) cgqr uktqd gksrs gSaA T;knk ncko vkSj /kwy vkUrfjd
izorZu{kerk dks [kjkc dj ldrs gSA
ü
dhft, (ü
Do)
1. vius keyboard dks
fu;fer :i ls lkQ djsaA
2. Mini vacuma cleaner ds iz;ksx ls keyboard ls /kwy bdV~Bk djsaA
O
er dhft, (O
Don’t)
1. Keys dks tksj ls er nck,¡A
2. Keyboard bLrseky
djrs le; [kkuk vkSj ihuk can j[ksaA
ekml
dk j[kj[kko (Maintaining the Mouse)
Mouse ds vUnj dk ekml cky movements dks travk djrk gSA xUnh lrg ij mouse pykus ls traclball vkSj
rhu pinwheels ij /kwy bdB~Bk
gksrk gSA ;g ml ;FkkFkZrk dks izHkkfor djrk gS ftlls Mouse pointer mi;ksxdrkZ ds movements dk vuqlj.k djrk gSA Mouse devices
pads dks /kwy vkSj xUnxh ls foeq[k
j[kuk pkfg,A
ü
dhft, (üDo)
1. Mouse pad dk mi;ksx dhft,A
2.
vxj mouse pad, ugha gS rks mouse dks lkQ vkSj lery lrg ij jf[k,A
O er dhft, (ODon’t)
1. Mouse cable dks er [khafp,A
2. Mouse dks T;knk ueh vkSj ikuh esa er jf[k,A
;kn j[kus
;ksX; ’kCn
(Terms to
Remember)
1.
Computer
esa ftu
Hkkxksa dks vki Nwdj eglwl dj ldrs gS mudks hardware
dgrs gSA
2.
Computer
dks fn;s tkus
okys data
vkSj vuqns’k input dgykrk gSA
3.
Computer
dks data vkSj vuqns’k iznku djus
okys ;a= dks input
devices dgrs
gSA
4.
Input/output
devices ,d output device ds dk;Z ds vykok input device ds dk;Z dks Hkh djrk gSA
5.
Insertion
point og
fVefVekrh gqbZ js[kk gS tks Vkbi (type) djus ls VsDLV (text) izdV gksus okys LFkku dks
Ldzhu (screen) ij ladsr djrk gSA
6.
Computer
esa text dks type djus ds fy, keyboard dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
7.
Microephone /ofu dks record djus dk ;a= gSaA Microphones /ofu rjaxksa dks audio ladsrks esa ifjofrZr djrs
gSA
8.
Microprocessor
motherboard
dk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ vo;o gS tks data dk okLrfod process, tSls fd fn, x, data ij okLrfod xf.krh; ;k
rkfdZd lafdz;k,¡ djrk gSA
9.
Modem ’kCn modulator/demodulator ds fy, gSA Modem ,d bysDVªkfud fMokbl (electronic device) gS tks digital dks analog signals esa ifjofrZr djrs gSa vkSj
bldk mYVk Hkh A
10.
Monitor
computer ls
lwpuk dks iznf’kZr djus esa iz;ksx gksrs gSA
11.
Motherboard
System unit esa
,d cM+k cksMZ (board) gS ftlesa dbZ uUgsa bysDVªkWfud lfdZV vkSj vU; vo;o gksrs gSA ;g Computer ds thok/kkj vo;oksa dk
vkJ; gSA
12.
Mouse
dk iz;ksx monitor ij iznf’kZr options dh vksj IokbaV (point) djus vkSj pquus ds fy,
iz;ksx gksrk gSA
13.
Moouse
pad NksVh
pVkbZ gS ftldk lrg IykfLVd (plastic) dk vkSj jcM+
;k plastic ls cuk xn~nk gS ftl ij
vki ekml (mouse) dks pykrs gSA
14.
Mouse
pointer screen ij
pyus okyk arrow
gS tks mouse dh pky ds vuq:i gksrk gSA
15.
Network
interface card computer dk
og card
gS ftlls computer dks network ls tksMk tkrk gSA
16.
Optical
mouse ,d mUur
pointing
device gS tks
mouse
ball ds cnys
izdk’k&mRltZu vo;o dk iz;ksx djrk gSA izdk’k&mRltZu vo;o }kjk
izfrfcafcr izdk’k esa ifjorZuksa dk eglwl djds pky dk irk yxkrk gSA
17.
Output
Data ds process ds ckn computer ds }kjk fudkyk tkus okyk
ifj.kke gSA
18.
Output
devices os
;a= gS ftuesa computer ij lwpuk dks iznf’kZr
djus dh {kerk gSA
19.
Printers
dk iz;ksx data dks computer ls dkxt esa mrkjus ds fy,
gksrk gSA
20.
Process
og tks computer izkIRk gqb lwpuk dks ysdj
djrk gSA
21.
Scanner
dk iz;ksx
fdlh fp= ;k QksVks dk ,dne ogh izfr fudkyus esa gksrk gS ftls computer ij lax`ghr fd;k tk ldrk
gSA
22.
Scroll
mouse ;k wheel mouse nk,¡ vkSj ck,¡
cVuksa esa chp ,d ifg, ds lkFk vkrk gSA ifg;k vkidks lwpuk ds screens esa vkjke ls scroll djus nsrk gSA
23.
Sound
card system unit esa
og ;a= gS tks computer dks /ofu dks izkIr dj] process dj] ctkus nsrk gSA
24.
Speakers
vkids computer ds iz;ksx ls laxhr lquus
vksj /ofu izHkkoksa dks lquus vkSj cksys gq, i| dks lquus nsrk gSA
25.
Video
card personal computer
esa izn’kZu {kerk iznku djus ds fy, yxk jgrk gSA
26.
Web
camera ,d ;a=
gS tks visuals
dks digital :i esa cny ldrk gSA
27.
Bit
storage capacity dks ekius dh lc ls NksVh
bdkbZ gSA
28.
Bus
Microprocessor, RAM
vkSj peripherals
ds vUnj vkSj
chp esa data dk ifjogu djus okyk gkMZosvj
dkEiksuUV (hardware
component) gSA
29.
Byte vkB bits dk ,d lsV gSA
30. CD-ROM compactdise gS ftl ij vksoj jkbfVax (ovrer writing) ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
31. CD-ROM drive ,d external storage device gS tks CD-ROM ls read djus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk
gSA
32. CD writer ,d storage
device gS tks
,d rewritable CD esa data write dj ldrk gSA
33. Clock rate og ewy xfr gS ftl esa computer viuk dke djrk gS A
34. Drive ,d storage ek/;e gS tks ,d storage ek/;e ls read
vkSj write djus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA
35. DVD drive external storage device gS tks DVD-ROM ls read djus ds fy, mi;ksx gksrk
gSA
36. External Storage ,d LFkk;h storage
{ks= gS
ftlesa rRdky computer ds fy, t:jr ughas iM+us okyh data
vkSj protable storage ek/;e gS ftlesa cgqr de data gh laxzg.k fd;k tkrk gSA
37. Floppy disks Portable storage ek/;e gS ftlesa cgqr de data gh laxzg.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
38. Floppy disk drive ,d external
storage device gS
tks floppy disk ls read vkSj mlesa write djus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA
39. Hard disk external storage device gS tks system ds vUnj yxk gqvk gSA Harddisk vf/kdre fdlh Hkh PC esa
gksrk gSA
40. Microprocessor system dk ,d vo;o gS tks okLrfod data Processing djrk gS
41. Primary storage dk eryc gS computer
dk internal storage, ;k main
memory A ml
esa Processing ds fy, data vkSj funsZ’k gSA mfpr output
device esa
Hkstus ls igys vLFkk;h le; ds fy, output
data dks
laxzg.k djds j[krk gSA
42. RAM, Random Access Memory, og storagr {ks= gS tks vLFkk;h le; ds fy, processing ds fy, data vkSj program dks j[krk gSA
43. ROM, Read Only Memory, computer dks ’kq: djus ds fy,
vko’;d funsZ’kksa dks j[kus ds fy, gSA bu funsZ’kksa dks fudkyk ;k ifjofrZr
ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
44. Screen resolution fdlh fn, x, {ksa= esa screen ij iznf’kZr fd, tkus okys pixels ds la[;k gSA
45.
Writing memory esa laxzg.k fd, tkus okyk data gSA bl izfdz;k dks reading
in Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA
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